S.Aishwariya tham txog kev dhia ntawm kev siv textiles, cov kev hloov tshiab tshiab thiab lawv cov peev xwm nthuav dav hauv kev ua lag luam hauv kev zam thiab khaub ncaws.
Journey Ntawm Textile Fibers
1. Thawj tiam ntawm textile fibers yog cov uas tau procured ncaj qha los ntawm cov xwm thiab lub sij hawm ntawd nyob rau 4,000 xyoo.Qhov thib ob tiam muaj cov txiv neej ua fibers xws li nylon thiab polyester, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv zog los ntawm chemists nyob rau hauv 1950, evolve nrog cov ntaub ntawv uas zoo li tej yam ntuj tso fibers.Cov tiam thib peb suav nrog cov fibers los ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv tsis zoo los ua kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov pej xeem ib txwm muaj.Cov no tsis yog lwm txoj hauv kev los yog ntxiv rau cov fibers uas twb muaj lawm, tab sis ntseeg tau tias muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv uas tuaj yeem pab hauv ntau qhov chaw thov.Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv kev lag luam textile, kev lag luam textile yog loj hlob hauv kev lag luam tsim nrog kev siv hauv ntau hom kev lag luam.
2. Thaum lub sij hawm muaj hnub nyoog ntawm 1775 txog 1850, natural fiber extraction thiab ntau lawm yog nyob rau hauv nws ncov.Lub sij hawm nruab nrab ntawm 1870 thiab 1980 tau cim lub epitome ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav fiber ntau nyob rau qhov kawg ntawm lo lus 'technical textiles' tau coined.Tom qab ib xyoo caum, kev tsim kho tshiab ntxiv, suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv hloov tau yooj yim, cov qauv teeb pom kev zoo heev, 3D molding, tau hloov zuj zus hauv kev lag luam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntse.Lub xyoo pua nees nkaum yog lub hnub nyoog cov ntaub ntawv uas qhov chaw suits, neeg hlau, kev tu tus kheej textiles, vaj huam sib luag electroluminescence, chameleonic textiles, lub cev saib xyuas cov khaub ncaws ua lag luam ua tiav.
3. Synthetic polymers muaj peev xwm loj thiab muaj kev ua haujlwm ntau uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo dua qub.Piv txwv li, bio-polymers muab tau los ntawm pob kws tau siv dav hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv high-tech fibers nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws nrog rau kev siv hauv biodegradable thiab flushable diapers.Cov txheej txheem zoo li no tau ua cov fibers uas yaj hauv dej, yog li txo cov pov tseg hauv cov kav dej huv huv.Cov ntaub qhwv compostable yog tsim los kom cov uas muaj 100 feem pua ntawm bio-degradable natural material nyob rau hauv lawv.Cov kev tshawb fawb no tau txhim kho lub neej zoo.
Kev tshawb fawb tam sim no
Cov khoom siv niaj hnub yog cov ntaub qhwv los yog knitted cov ntaub ntawv uas nws siv raws li cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem.Nyob rau hauv sib piv, technical textiles yog tsim raws li cov neeg siv daim ntawv thov.Lawv daim ntawv thov muaj xws li qhov chaw suits, lub raum thiab lub plawv, tshuaj tua kab-tshuaj khaub ncaws rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, kev tsim kho, lub hnab kom tiv thaiv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm cov noog noj thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntim dej kom zoo.
Cov ceg sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv textiles suav nrog khaub ncaws, ntim khoom, kev ua kis las thiab kev lom zem, kev thauj mus los, kev kho mob thiab kev tu cev, kev lag luam, tsis pom, oeko-textiles, tsev, kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tiv thaiv, lub tsev thiab kev tsim kho, geo-textiles thiab agro-textiles.
Muab piv cov kev noj haus nrog rau lwm lub ntiaj teb, Is Nrias teb muaj feem ntawm 35 feem pua ntawm cov textiles rau kev ua haujlwm hauv cov tsoos tsho thiab khau (clothtech), 21 feem pua hauv textiles rau ntim daim ntawv thov (packtech), thiab 8 feem pua hauv kev ua si textiles (sportech).Tus so suav rau 36 feem pua.Tab sis thoob ntiaj teb cov kev lag luam yog textiles siv hauv kev tsim tsheb, tsheb ciav hlau, nkoj, dav hlau thiab dav hlau (mobiltech), uas yog 25 feem pua ntawm cov kev lag luam textiles, ua raws li kev lag luam textiles (indutech) ntawm 16 feem pua thiab sportech. ntawm 15 feem pua, nrog rau tag nrho lwm qhov chaw suav nrog 44 feem pua.Cov khoom lag luam uas tuaj yeem txhawb kev lag luam suav nrog webbing rau txoj siv sia, cov ntaub qhwv thiab pov tseg, geotextiles, hluav taws kub retardant fabrics, ballistic tiv thaiv khaub ncaws, lim, tsis-wovens, hoardings thiab signages.
Lub zog loj tshaj plaws ntawm Is Nrias teb yog nws cov peev txheej loj thiab kev lag luam hauv tsev muaj zog.Is Nrias teb txoj kev lag luam textile tau nce mus txog qhov muaj peev xwm loj ntawm cov kev lag luam thiab cov khoom tsis-woven.Muaj kev txhawb nqa tsoomfwv los ntawm cov cai, kev qhia txog cov cai tsim nyog thiab kev tsim cov kev sim thiab cov qauv tsim nyog tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev lag luam kev loj hlob.Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm yog cov neeg ua haujlwm cob qhia ntau dua.Yuav tsum muaj kev npaj ntau ntxiv los cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab pib cov chaw tsim khoom rau kev sim rau hauv av.
Cov kev koom tes tseem ceeb ntawm cov koom haum tshawb fawb hauv lub tebchaws tau qhuas heev.Lawv suav nrog Ahmedabad Textile Research Association (ATIRA), Bombay Textile Research Association (BTRA), South India Textile Research Association (SITRA), Northern India Textile Research Association (NITRA), Wool Research Association (WRA), Synthetic & Art Silk Mills 'Research Association (SASMIRA) thiab Man-made Textile Research Association (MANTRA).Peb caug peb qhov chaw ua si sib xyaw ua ke, uas suav nrog tsib hauv Tamil Nadu, plaub hauv Andhra Pradesh, tsib hauv Karnataka, rau hauv Maharashtra, rau hauv Gujarat, ob lub hauv Rajasthan, thiab ib qho hauv Uttar Pradesh thiab West Bengal, yuav tsum ua haujlwm sib koom ua ke los coj. tag nrho cov saw hlau nyob rau hauv ib lub ru tsev.4,5
Geo-Textiles
Textiles siv los npog lub ntiaj teb lossis hauv pem teb yog categorized li geotextiles.Xws li textiles yog siv niaj hnub no rau kev tsim tsev, txuas hniav, dams thiab monuments uas ua rau kom lawv lub neej.[6]
Cov ntaub txias
Cov ntaub ntawv tsim los ntawm Adidas pab tswj lub cev kub ntawm 37 degrees C. Piv txwv yog cov ntawv sau xws li Clima 365, Climaproof, Climalite uas ua haujlwm rau lub hom phiaj no.Elextex muaj ib tug lamination ntawm tsib txheej ntawm kev coj thiab insulating textiles tsim ib tug tag nrho cov ntaub kov sensor (1 cm2 los yog 1 mm2).Nws tau ntawv pov thawj los ntawm Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) thiab tuaj yeem sewn, quav thiab ntxuav.Cov no muaj qhov loj heev hauv kev ua kis las textiles.
Biomemetics
Biomimetics yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau, tshuab lossis tshuab los ntawm kev kawm txog kev ua neej nyob, kawm los ntawm lawv cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm siab thiab siv cov khoom tsim los ntawm molecular thiab cov khoom siv.Piv txwv li, imitation ntawm li cas nplooj nplooj coj tus cwj pwm nrog cov tee dej;qhov saum npoo yog microscopically ntxhib thiab npog los ntawm txheej ntawm cov quav ciab zoo li cov khoom uas tsis tshua muaj qhov nro.
Thaum dej ntog rau saum nplooj nplooj, cov huab cua ntxiab tsim ib thaj tsam nrog dej.Lub kaum sab xis ntawm dej yog qhov loj vim yog cov khoom siv quav ciab zoo li cov khoom siv.Txawm li cas los xij, lwm yam zoo li kev ntxhib los mos ntawm qhov chaw kuj cuam tshuam rau kev tawm tsam.Cov txheej txheem rau kev tiv thaiv dej yog qhov dov lub kaum sab xis yuav tsum tsawg dua 10 degree.Lub tswv yim no yog coj thiab rov tsim dua li ntaub.Cov khoom muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem txo qhov kev siv zog hauv kev ua si xws li ua luam dej.
Vivometrics
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke hauv textiles tuaj yeem nyeem cov xwm txheej hauv lub cev xws li lub plawv dhia, ntshav siab, calories hlawv, lub sijhawm lapse, cov kauj ruam ua thiab qib oxygen.Qhov no yog lub tswv yim qab Vivometrics, tseem hu ua lub cev saib xyuas khaub ncaws (BMG).Nws tuaj yeem cawm tau txoj sia ntawm tus menyuam yug tshiab lossis tus neeg ncaws pob.
Hom Lub Neej tau kov yeej kev lag luam nrog nws lub cev saib xyuas lub tsho zoo.Nws ua haujlwm zoo li lub tsheb thauj neeg mob textile hauv kev tshuaj xyuas thiab hloov kho kev pab.Ntau cov ntaub ntawv cardio-pulmonary yog sau raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv, lub cev, cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm nrog rau cov ntshav siab, qib oxygen thiab carbon dioxide, lub cev kub thiab txav.Nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug loj innovation nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev ua si thiab kev kho mob textiles.
Camouflage Textiles
Cov xim-hloov nto ntawm chameleon yog pom thiab rov tsim dua hauv cov khoom siv textile.Camouflage textiles cuam tshuam nrog kev zais ntawm cov khoom thiab tib neeg los ntawm kev coj ua ib puag ncig tau qhia thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II.Cov txheej txheem no siv cov fibers uas pab sib xyaw nrog cov keeb kwm yav dhau, ib yam dab tsi uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov keeb kwm yav dhau zoo li daim iav thiab kuj muaj zog zoo li cov pa roj carbon.
Cov fibers no yog siv nrog paj rwb thiab polyester los tsim camouflage textiles.Thaum xub thawj tsuas yog ob tus qauv uas muaj cov xim thiab cov qauv tsim kom zoo ib yam li ib qho chaw ntawm hav zoov tuab nrog ntxoov ntsuab thiab xim av.Tab sis tam sim no, xya qhov kev hloov pauv tau tsim nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo dua thiab kev dag ntxias.Nws suav nrog qhov sib nrug, txav mus, nto, zoo li, ci, silhouette thiab duab ntxoov ntxoo.Cov kev ntsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev pom ib tus neeg los ntawm qhov deb.Kev ntsuas ntawm camouflage textiles yog qhov nyuaj vim nws txawv ntawm lub hnub ci, av noo thiab lub caij nyoog.Yog li cov neeg uas muaj qhov muag tsis pom xim yog ua hauj lwm los xyuas qhov muag pom kev camouflage.Kev tsom xam cov ntsiab lus, kev soj ntsuam ntau thiab kev pab ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raug coj mus kuaj cov ntaub ntawv.
Textiles Rau Kev xa tshuaj
Kev nce qib hauv kev lag luam kev noj qab haus huv tam sim no sib xyaw textiles thiab tshuaj.
Cov ntaub ntawv textile tuaj yeem siv los txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj los ntawm kev muab cov txheej txheem tswj kev tso tawm cov tshuaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev thiab los ntawm kev xa cov tshuaj siab rau cov ntaub so ntswg uas tsis muaj kev phiv loj.Piv txwv li, Ortho Evra transdermal contraceptive thaj rau cov poj niam yog 20 cm ntev, muaj peb txheej thiab tau pom zoo los ntawm US Food and Drug Administration.
Siv Cov Roj lossis Plasma Rau Textile Finishing
Cov qauv pib xyoo 1960, thaum plasma tau siv los hloov cov ntaub nto.Nws yog ib theem ntawm cov teeb meem sib txawv ntawm cov khib nyiab, kua thiab roj thiab yog hluav taws xob nruab nrab.Cov no yog ionised gases ua los ntawm electrons, ions thiab nruab nrab hais.Plasma yog ib nrab ionised roj tsim los ntawm cov kab nruab nrab zoo li cov atoms zoo siab, dawb radicals, meta ruaj khov hais thiab them hom (electrons thiab ions).Muaj ob hom ntshav plasma: nqus-raws li thiab atmospheric siab-raws li.Qhov saum npoo ntawm cov ntaub yog raug rau electron bombardment, generated nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob teb ntawm plasma.Electrons ntaus nto nrog ib tug dav faib ntawm lub zog thiab ceev thiab qhov no ua rau ib tug saw saw nyob rau hauv lub Upper txheej ntawm textile nto, tsim crosslinking yog li txhawb cov khoom.
Kev kho plasma ua rau etching lossis ntxuav cov nyhuv ntawm cov ntaub.Lub etching nce qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw uas tsim kom zoo dua adhesion ntawm coatings.Plasma cuam tshuam rau lub hom phiaj thiab yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv qhov xwm txheej.Nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov ntaub lo lo ntxhuav ua rau tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm lub hom phiaj lub cev.Aramids zoo li Kevlar, uas poob lub zog thaum ntub dej, tuaj yeem kho tau zoo nrog ntshav ntau dua li cov qauv siv.Ib tus tuaj yeem muab cov khoom sib txawv rau txhua sab ntawm cov ntaub.Ib sab tuaj yeem yog hydrophobic thiab lwm yam hydrophilic.Plasma kev kho mob ua haujlwm rau ob qho tib si hluavtaws thiab ntuj fibers nrog kev vam meej hauv kev tiv thaiv kev xav thiab ntsws tsis kam rau cov ntaub plaub.
Tsis zoo li cov txheej txheem tshuaj ib txwm siv uas yuav tsum tau siv ntau cov kauj ruam los siv cov txheej txheem sib txawv, plasma tso cai rau kev siv ntau yam ua tiav hauv ib kauj ruam thiab hauv cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv.Woolmark tau patented the sensory perception technology (SPT) uas ntxiv tsw rau ntaub.Teb Chaws Asmeskas ruaj NanoHorizons 'SmartSilver yog cov cuab yeej ua lag luam hauv kev muab tshuaj tiv thaiv tsw thiab tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov khoom siv hluavtaws thiab cov ntaub.Cov neeg mob plawv nres nyob rau sab hnub poob tau ua kom txias hauv lub tsev pheeb suab ntaub thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm kom txo tau qhov mob stroke los ntawm kev txo lub cev kub.Ib daim ntaub qhwv ntuj tshiab tau tsim los siv plasma protein fibrinogen.Txij li nws yog tsim los ntawm tib neeg cov ntshav txhaws, cov ntaub qhwv yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tshem tawm.Nws dissolves nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij thaum lub sij hawm kho.15
Kev Paub Txog Kev Pom Zoo Technology (SPT)
Lub tshuab no ntes cov tshuaj tsw qab, cov ntsiab lus thiab lwm yam teebmeem hauv micro-capsules uas tau muab tso rau hauv cov ntaub.Cov micro-capsules no yog cov thawv me me uas muaj kev tiv thaiv polymer txheej lossis melamine plhaub uas tiv thaiv cov ntsiab lus ntawm evaporation, oxidation thiab paug.Thaum cov ntaub no siv, qee cov tshuaj ntsiav no tawg, tso tawm cov ntsiab lus.
Microencapsulation
Nws yog cov txheej txheem yooj yim uas muaj cov kua encapsulating los yog cov khoom muaj nyob rau hauv kaw micro spheres (0.5-2,000 microns).Cov microcapsules maj mam tso cov neeg ua haujlwm los ntawm kev siv tshuab yooj yim rubbing uas ruptures daim nyias nyias.Cov no yog siv rau hauv deodorants, lotions, dyes, ntaub softeners thiab nplaim retardants.
Electronic Textiles
Wearable electronics xws li ICD tsho tiv no los ntawm Philips thiab Levi's, nrog nws built-in xov tooj ntawm tes thiab MP3 player, khiav ntawm roj teeb.Cov ris tsho hnav nrog cov thev naus laus zis tsis yog qhov tshiab, tab sis kev nce qib hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntse ua rau lawv ua tau, xav tau thiab siv tau hauv daim ntawv thov.Cov hlau yog sewn rau hauv cov ntaub los txuas cov khoom siv rau cov chaw taws teeb tswj thiab lub microphone tau kos rau hauv dab tshos.Ntau lwm cov tuam txhab tom qab tuaj nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntse uas zais tag nrho cov xov hlau.
Lub tsho ntev ntev tseem yog lwm qhov kev nthuav dav yooj yim heev.Lub tswv yim e-textile no ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev uas thaum ib tug puag lawv tus kheej lub t-shirt glows.Nws tau raug cim raws li ib qho ntawm cov kev nthuav qhia nthuav dav hauv xyoo 2006. Nws ua rau tus neeg hnav lub siab xav puag.
Thaum tus puag yog xa los ntawm cov lus lossis los ntawm bluetooth, cov sensors hnov mob rau nws los ntawm kev tsim kom muaj qhov sov so, lub plawv dhia, siab, lub sijhawm puag ntawm tus neeg virtual tiag tiag.Lub tsho no kuj yog washable uas ua rau nws tseem ceeb heev kom tsis quav ntsej.Lwm qhov invention, Elextex muaj ib tug lamination ntawm tsib txheej ntawm kev coj thiab insulating textiles tsim ib tug tag nrho cov ntaub kov sensor (1 cm2 los yog 1 mm2).Nws tuaj yeem sewn, folded thiab ntxuav.19-24 Tag nrho cov no pab peb nkag siab txog txoj kev siv hluav taws xob thiab textiles tuaj yeem ua ke los txhim kho lub neej zoo.
Kab lus no tsis tau raug kho los ntawm XiangYu Garment cov neeg ua haujlwm nws tau hais los ntawm https://www.technicaltextile.net/articles/tech-textile-innovations-8356
Post lub sij hawm: Lub Xya hli ntuj-11-2022